俞剑琴 陈世云 陈超巧 郁引飞 沈丽君
[摘要] 意图 觀察不同剂量的右美托咪定(DEX)、舒芬太尼(SF)对眼科手术中晚年患者循环、呼吸系统的影响。办法 挑选2016年5月~2017年3月40例外表麻醉下行双眼白内障术的晚年患者,年纪60~70岁,ASA Ⅱ级,双眼手术隔日分次实施,选用本身配对规划办法,手术眼别选用数字表法随机挑选,初次手术为A组(DEX 4 μg+ SF 1 μg),隔日手术为B组(DEX 8 μg+SF 2 μg)。调查记载入室后5 min(T1)、外表麻醉时(T2)、手术开端后10 min(T3)、术后20 min(T4)的均匀动脉血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉息血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PEtCO2)、改进Ramsay冷静评分(MSSR)。 成果 两组患者T1时点的MAP、HR比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);A组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR与T1时点比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);B组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR显着低于A组同时点(P<0.01)。两组患者各时点的SpO2、RR、PEtCO2、MSSR比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05)。 定论 单次静脉打针不同小剂量的DEX+SF对晚年患者的呼吸系统均无不良影响,且发作的冷静效应类似,而静脉打针不同小剂量的DEX+SF会按捺晚年患者循环系统,导致血压、心率下降,影响程度与打针剂量呈正相关,静脉打针DEX 8 μg+SF 2 μg的剂量能发作10%左右的按捺心血管效应。
[关键词] 右美托咪定;舒芬太尼;静脉麻醉;晚年患者;白内障手术
[中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)05-0110-04
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine(DEX) and sufentanil(SF) on circulation and respiration in elderly patients during ophthalmic surgery. Methods 40 elderly patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery under surface anesthesia, who were aged from 60 to 70 years old, with ASA grade Ⅱ from May 2016 to March 2017 were selected. Binocular surgery was performed on every other day. Self-matching design method was used. And surgical eyes were randomly selected using the digital table method. The patients with the first surgery were as group A(DEX 4 μg+SF 1 μg), and the patients with every other day surgery were as group B(DEX 8 μg+SF 2 μg). The mean arterial blood pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), SpO2, respiratory rate(RR), end-tidal carbon dioxide(PEtCO2), modified Ramsay sedation score(MSSR) at 5 min after entering the room(T1), the time of surface anesthesia(T2), 10 min after operation(T3) and 20 min after surgery(T4) were observed and recorded. Results There were no significant differences in MAP and HR between the two groups at T1(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in MAP, HR between T2, T3 and T4 compared with T1 in the group A(P>0.05). The MAP and HR in group B were significantly lower than those in group A at T2, T3 and T4(P<0.01). There were no significant differences in SpO2, RR, PEtCO2 and MSSR between the two groups at each time point(P>0.05). Conclusion A single intravenous injection of different doses of DEX+SF has no adverse effect on the respiratory system in elderly patients and produces similar sedation effects. However, intravenous injection of different doses of DEX+SF can inhibit circulatory system in elderly patients, resulting in the decrease of blood pressure and heart rate. The degree of influence is positively related to injection dose. Intravenous injection of DEX 8 μg+SF 2 μg can produce about 10% of cardiovascular inhibition effects.
[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Sufentanil; Intravenous anesthesia; Elderly patients; Cataract surgery
白内障等眼部疾病是晚年人易患的疾病,常使晚年患者的日子质量严峻下降。眼科手术所需的麻醉办法常为外表麻醉、球后神经阻滞等部分麻醉办法,其手术、麻醉对全身伤口虽小,但术前术中的用药、严峻心情、手术影响、痛苦、麻醉、眼心反射等均能添加晚年患者手术期的危险性[1-3]。手术中运用冷静、镇痛药能下降这种危险,如咪达唑仑、丙泊酚和芬太尼,但较易引起呼吸按捺、烦躁,影响手术的顺利进行[4,5]。右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,DEX)是高挑选特异性的α2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,具有催眠、冷静及镇痛作用,但大剂量运用会引起血压和心率的下降[6-8]。本研讨经过调查静注不同剂量的DEX、舒芬太尼(Sufentanil,SF)对晚年患者循环、呼吸系统的影响,评论其适宜的运用办法。
1 材料与办法
1.1一般材料
挑选2016年5月~2017年3月40例外表麻醉下行双眼白内障术的患者,年纪60~70岁,ASA Ⅱ级,双眼手术隔日分次实施,选用患者本身配对规划办法,手术眼别选用数字表法随机挑选,初次手术为A组,隔日手术为B组。一切患者无严峻呼吸、循环及其他心脑血管疾病、自主神经系统类疾病,术前未运用任何影响中枢神经、呼吸、循环系统功用的食物和药物。
1.2麻醉办法
一切患者均选用1%盐酸丙美卡因(s.a. ALCON-COUVREUR n.v.,国药准字H20090082,标准15 mL∶75 mg)外表麻醉复合静脉麻醉。入手术室后敞开静脉输液通道,选用麻醉监护仪距离5 min接连监测无创均匀动脉血压(Mean Arterial blood pressure,MAP)、心率(Heart rate,HR)、脉息血氧饱和度(Pulse oximetry,SpO2)、经一侧鼻孔放入麻醉气体监测采样管监测呼吸频率(Respiratory rate,RR)、呼吸末二氧化碳分压(Pressure of end-breathing carbon dioxide partial,PEtCO2)。手术消毒铺巾前5 min经静脉缓慢打针DEX(4 μg/mL,江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司,国药准字H20090248,标准2 mL∶200 μg)、SF(1 μg/mL,宜昌人福药业有限责任公司,国药准字H20054171,标准1 mL∶50 μg)混合液,其间A组注入1 mL混合液、B组注入2 mL混合液。一切患者术中均吸入空气。如心率<50次/min,静注阿托品0.5 mg;如血压低于90/60 mmHg,则静脉推注麻黄碱10 mg。手术完毕后送入麻醉康复室调查30 min。
1.3 调查目标
调查记载入室后5 min(T1)、外表麻醉时(T2)、手术开端后10 min(T3)、术后20 min(T4)的MAP、HR、SpO2、RR、PEtCO2。改进Ramsay冷静评分(Modified sedation score with Ramsay,MSSR)[9,10]:1分:患者摇头、烦躁不安;2分:患者有时烦躁,与医师沟通后合作;3分:患者安静合作医师;4分:嗜睡,对轻叩眉间或大声听觉影响反响灵敏:5分:嗜睡,对轻叩眉间或大声听觉影响反响迟钝;6分:嗜睡,无任何反响。
1.4计算学处理
选用SPSS22.0计算软件进行剖析,计量材料以(x±s)标明,组内比较选用单要素重复丈量规划的方差剖析,组间比较选用成对样本t查验剖析。P<0.05为差异有计算学含义。
2 成果
2.1 两组患者MAP、HR比较
A组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR与T1时点比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);B組患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR显着低于T1时点(P<0.01)。两组患者T1时点的MAP、HR比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);B组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR显着低于A组同时点(P<0.01)。见表1。
2.2 两组患者SpO2、RR、PEtCO2比较
两组患者T2、T3时点的SpO2、RR、PEtCO2与T1时点比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);两组患者T1、T2、T3时点的SpO2、RR、PEtCO2比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05)。见表2。
2.3 两组患者不同时点MSSR比较
两组患者T1、T2、T3时点的MSSR比较,差异无计算学含义(P>0.05)。见表3。
3评论
白内障是导致晚年人日子质量急剧下降的高发疾病之一,微创白内障超声乳化手术因伤口小深得医患的喜爱。但晚年患者常并发循环、呼吸系统等疾病,如高血压、冠心病、支气管肺炎、肺气肿等。围术期的各种不良应激反响均可能加重原有疾病,导致出血性脑血管病、心绞痛、心力衰竭等严峻后果,而运用过度的冷静、镇痛药物更简单使晚年患者发作低氧血症和呼吸衰竭等不良后果[11,12]。右美托咪定联合阿片类药物广泛用于患者手术后的镇痛,镇痛效应切当,对呼吸的影响甚微,但易发作心动过缓、血压过低等不良反响[13-15]。晚年人输注右美托咪定常因患者的低血容量、迷走神经振奋和运用药物剂量,易导致严峻窦缓、低血压及术后昏睡,与DEX激动中枢神经突触前后膜α2受体、按捺交感神经及按捺去甲肾上腺素的开释有关,且对急性痛苦的镇痛效应并不完善。这关于有心脏疾病或有心血管危险疾病的晚年患者而言有丧命危险[16-18]。舒芬太尼是一种特异性μ-受体激动剂的强效阿片类镇痛药,具有杰出的安稳血液动力学功用,可满意心肌满足的氧供给。但大剂量的舒芬太尼有可能引起缩瞳、肌肉僵直、欣快感和心动过缓等不良反响[19,20]。怎么加强其临床运用的安全性、进步其有效性的研讨已成为临床麻醉研讨的重要方向之一,本研讨将药物对晚年患者的循环、呼吸功用影响列为重要点评目标。
首要,本文觀察到两组患者不同时点的冷静深度MSSR组间、组内比较,差异无计算学含义(P>0.05),阐明静脉打针两种剂量的右美托咪定+舒芬太尼发作的冷静效应类似。本研讨中,各时点药物对晚年患者的循环系统的影响效应组内比较:A组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR与T1时点比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05),标明静脉打针右美托咪定4 μg+舒芬太尼1 μg不会按捺晚年患者循环系统,导致血压、心率下降;而B组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR显着低于T1时点(P<0.01),阐明静脉打针右美托咪定8 μg+舒芬太尼2 μg可以按捺晚年患者循环系统,血压、心率下降起伏在10%左右;各时点药物对晚年患者的循环系统的影响效应组间比较:在T1时点,两组患者的MAP、HR比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05),而B组患者T2、T3、T4时点的MAP、HR显着低于A组同时点(P<0.01),阐明静脉打针右美托咪定8 μg+舒芬太尼2 μg较静脉打针右美托咪定4 μg+舒芬太尼1 μg对晚年患者的循环系统能发作较强的按捺效应,导致血压、心率下降。本研讨中,各时点药物对晚年患者的呼吸系统的影响效应组间比较:两组患者各时点的SpO2、RR、PEtCO2比较差异无计算学含义(P>0.05);且组内比较中:两组患者T2、T3时点的SpO2、RR、PEtCO2与T1比较,差异均无计算学含义(P>0.05),这阐明静脉打针右美托咪定8 μg+舒芬太尼2 μg或右美托咪定4 μg+舒芬太尼1 μg对晚年患者呼吸功用的不良影响程度类似,进一步标明打针不同小剂量的右美托咪定+舒芬太尼对晚年患者的呼吸才能及氧合才能均无不良影响。
综上所述,单次静脉打针不同小剂量的右美托咪定+舒芬太尼对晚年患者的呼吸系统均无不良影响,而静脉打针不同小剂量的右美托咪定+舒芬太尼会按捺晚年患者循环系统,导致血压、心率下降,影响程度与打针剂量呈正相关,静脉打针右美托咪定8 μg+舒芬太尼2 μg的剂量能发作10%左右的按捺心血管效应。该用药办法可安全用于晚年患者,但本研讨未调查静脉打针不同小剂量的右美托咪定+舒芬太尼对高龄患者或高血压患者或患有肺部疾病的晚年患者的不良影响,有待进一步完善调查。
[参考文献]
[1] Xiong W,Chen P,Gao J,et al. Lung protective ventilation in elderly patients undergoing spinal operation in the prone position:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Journal of Southern Medical University,2016,36(2):215-219.
[2] Compagna R,Vigliotti G,Bianco T,et al. Local anesthesia for treatment of hernia in elder patients:Levobupicavaine or Bupivacaine?[J]. BioMed Centry Surgery,2013,13(2):1-7.
[3] Hubenova P,Marinova R,Dimitrov D,et al. Anesthesia for elderly patients in ambulatory surgery[J]. Anaesthesiol-ogy & Intensive Care,2015,44(1):31-37.
[4] Candiotti KA,Bergese SD,Bokesch PM,et al. Monitored anesthesia care with dexmedetomidine:A prospective,randomized,double-blind,multicenter trial[J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia,2010,110(1):47-56.
[5] Constantin JM,Momon A,Mantz J,et al. Efficacy and safety of sedation with dexmedetomidine in critical care patients:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine,2016,35(1):7.
[6] Shen S,Xie Y,Wang W,et al. Comparison of dexmede-tomidine and sufentanil for conscious sedation in patients undergoing awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation:A prospective, randomised and controlled clinical trial[J]. Clinical Respiratory Journal,2014,8(1):100.
[7] Liu HH,Zhou T,Wei JQ,et al. Comparison between remifentanil and dexmedetomidine for sedation during modified awake fiberoptic intubation[J].Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine,2015,9(4):1259-1264.
[8] Solanki SL,Goyal VK. Neuraxial Dexmedetomidine:Wonder Drug or Simply Harmful[J]. Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine,2015,5(2):e22651.
[9] 陈世云,陈超巧. 右美托咪定自控监护麻醉对眼鼻微创手术的影响[J]. 我国内镜杂志,2015,1(1):17-21.
[10] Lin TF,Yeh YC,Lin,FS,et al.Effect of combiningdexme-detomidi ne and morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia[J].British Journal of Anaesthesia,2009,102(1):117-122.
[11] Shi CM,Zhou YD,Xu M,et al.The application of conscious sedation with a small dose of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing multiple intestinal polyps resection[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2016,96(43):3474-3478.
[12] Cao X,Elvir-Lazo OL,White PF,et al. An update on pain management for elderly patients undergoing ambula-tory surgery[J]. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology,2016, 29(6):674-682.
[13] Wang K,Li C,Shi J,et al. Effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil on postoperative cognition in elderly patients after spine surgery[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2015,95(30):2437-2441.
[14] Peng K,Liu HY,Wu S R,et al. Effects of Combining Dexmedetomidine and Opioids for Postoperative Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Clinical Journal of Pain,2015,31(12):1097-1104.
[15] Nie Y,Liu Y,Luo Q,et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for post-caesarean section intravenous analgesia:A randomised,placebo-controlled study[J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology,2014,31(4):197-203.
[16] 李春萍,杜奕鵬,宋雪松,等.右美托咪定对晚年患者术后舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛作用的影响[J].我国晚年医学,2011,31(16):3043-3044.
[17] Wang LM,Chang XL,Ren XL. Effectiveness and Safety of Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Sedation in Cardiac Patients:A Meta-Analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine,2013,13(1):93-99.
[18] Sui J,Deng X,Liu X,et al. Application of conscious sedation with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil in patient for plastic surgery[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2014,94(11):863-865.
[19] Alipour M,Tabari M,Azad AM. Comparative study evaluating efficacy of sufentanil versus midazolam in preventing myoclonic movements following etomidate[J]. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology,2016,32(1):29.
[20] Hu J,Zhang C,Yan J,et al. Sufentanil and Bupivacaine Combination versus Bupivacaine Alone for Spinal Anesthesia during Cesarean Delivery:A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials[J]. Plos One,2016,11(3):e0152605.
(收稿日期:2017-08-07)
根据您访问的内容,您可能还对以下内容感兴趣,希望对您有帮助: