刘领等
[摘要] 意图 调查短程全身皮质激素关于缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧的有用性及安全性。 办法 将86例缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧患者随机分为短程全身皮质激素医治组及规范激素医治组,短程组给予甲泼尼松龙40 mg,1次/d,静脉滴注,阶段5 d,规范组给予泼尼松30 mg,1次/d,口服,阶段10~14 d,之后逐步减量至停药,比较两组医治后临床症状CAT评分、肺功用、血气剖析、住院时刻、医治成功率,随访并比较两组一年内再次急性加剧状况,比较两组医治后餐后血糖、促肾上腺皮质激素水平。 成果 两组医治后肺功用改进程度、医治成功率及一年内再次急性加剧发生率比较差异无统计学含义(P>0.05);短程组CAT评分、血气剖析改进显着优于规范组,且住院时刻更短,医治完毕后餐后血糖更低,促肾上腺皮质激素水平影响更小,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)。 定论 5 d短程全身皮质激素疗法安全有用,可优化缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧的激素医治战略。
[关键词] 糖皮质激素;短程疗法;缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧
[中图分类号] R563 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)08(b)-0115-03
[Abstract] Objective To observe the availability and safety of short-term glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 86 cases of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly divided into short-term group and standard-term group which was given methylprednisolone 40 mg per-day for 5 days through intravenous and prednisone 30 mg orally per-day for 10-14 days respectively,after the tapered to discontinuation.The indices including CAT score,lung function,blood gas analysis,length of stay in hospital and therapy achievement rate was compared between two groups after treatment finished respectively.All cases were followed up for 1 year and the re-exacerbation rate was compared between two groups also.At the meantime,postprandial blood sugar and adrenocorticotrophic hormone was also compared between two groups after treatment finished respectively. Results There was no statistical difference in lung function indices,therapy achievement rate and re-exacerbation rate between two groups respectively(P>0.05).But a lower CAT score,a better blood gas index,a shorter length of stay in hospital,a lower postprandial blood sugar and a higher ACTH level was observed respectively in short-term group than that in standard-term group(P<0.05). Conclusion With an excellent availability and security,strategy of 5 days glucocorticoid method is better for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy.
[Key words] Glucocorticoid;Short-term therapy;Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
糖皮质激素已成为缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)的规范医治组件,但医学界关于激素运用的品种、办法、剂量及阶段等尚无一致定见[1-4],不断优化AECOPD皮质激素医治战略具有较为重要的现实含义。有研讨报导5 d激素短程疗法与14 d规范疗法相同有用[5-6]。本研讨挑选本院86例AECOPD患者作为研讨目标,给予不同激素医治计划,调查短程激素疗法关于AECOPD医治的可行性。
1 材料与办法
1.1 一般材料
挑选2012年1月~2013年1月本院收治的86例AECOPD患者为研讨目标,均契合我国缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧确诊规范[7],并满意如下条件:①无糖尿病、库欣归纳征、支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎等兼并疾病,无肺部感染、气胸等并发症;②入院前4周内无全身皮质激素运用史;③均为住院患者,有完好的病历材料。一切患者男性48例,女人38例;平均年纪(70.23±11.56)岁。将当选患者随机分为两组,短程激素医治组49例,规范激素医治组37例;短程组1例因气胸予以扫除,规范组2例因置疑激素所造成的精力反响扫除,其他完结调查之短程组及规范组分别为48、35例。两组的年纪、性别等一般材料比较,差异无统计学含义(P>0.05),具有可比性。endprint
1.2 研讨办法
一切患者入院后在给予抗生素、支气管扩张剂、祛痰剂、控制性氧疗等医治基础上,短程组给予甲泼尼松龙40 mg,1次/d,静脉点滴,阶段5 d随即停药;规范组给予泼尼松30 mg,1次/d,口服,阶段10~14 d,之后逐步减量至停药。一切患者均于入院时及医治完毕后走临床症状CAT评分、肺功用及血气剖析等,短程组于激素医治完毕后、规范组从激素开端减量时采样,空腹抽血查促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及早餐后2 h血糖。患者出院后随访一年,调查期间有无再次急性加剧。
1.3 调查目标及医治失利规范
比较两组效果(临床症状CAT评分、FEV1% pred、pH、PO2、PCO2及住院时刻)、预后(医治成功率及一年内再次急性加剧发生率)、不良反响、激素医治完毕后早餐后2 h血糖及空腹ACTH水平。Δ值=医治后值-医治前值。
医治失利规范:①需插管机械通气;②症状及查看目标无好转需从头调整归纳医治计划;③被逼调整增大激素用量或延伸阶段;有以上景象之一者即视为医治失利。
1.4 统计学处理
选用SPSS 13.0统计学软件对数据进行处理,计量材料以x±s表明,选用t查验,计数材料选用χ2查验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。
2 成果
2.1 两组临床效果的比较
短程组的住院时刻为(10.35±3.56) d,规范组的住院时刻为(18.21±4.17) d,两组比较差异有统计学含义(P<0.05);两组医治后的CAT评分、FEV1% pred、pH、PO2、PCO2均较医治前显着改进,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05);短程组医治后CAT评分、pH、PO2、PCO2改进程度较规范组更显着,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05);两组医治后FEV1% pred比较差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 两组预后的比较
短程组2例被逼调整归纳医治,1例因病况加剧行机械通气医治失利;规范组2例因需行机械通气断定医治失利。与规范组比较,短程组医治成功率及一年内再次急性加剧发生率比较差异无统计学含义(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3 两组不良反响、血糖及ACTH的比较
短程组呈现消化道应激性溃疡1例;规范组呈现消化道应激性溃疡2例,口腔真菌感染1例。规范组餐后2 h血糖较短程组升高,而ACTH下降,两组比较差异有统计学含义(P<0.05)(表3)。
3 评论
AECOPD与哮喘炎症机制不同,激素对AECOPD病况可能仅呈现中等程度的灵敏[8-10];因为个体差异、可能兼并肺部感染或呼吸衰竭等要素,使AECOPD激素运用存在品种、剂量、用法、阶段等诸多方面的不确定性[1-4],因而临床实践中优化AECOPD激素医治计划具有十分重要的现实含义。现在遍及观念是,大剂量长程激素疗法可能呈现与药物相关的副作用而并不添加医治获益,此前已有激素7 d疗法表现出与14 d法效果同等的报导[11-12]。近年来激素阶段进一步缩短至5 d,且报导显现效果也与规范医治法附近[5]。
本研讨成果显现,尽管两组医治成功率、肺功用及一年内再度急性加剧发生率比较差异无统计学含义(P>0.05),但短程组医治完毕后CAT评分、血气剖析改进程度显着优于规范组,且住院时刻更短(P<0.05),提示短程疗法在缓解临床症状、缩短住院时刻,然后削减住院费用方面具有优势。此外,选用短程激素俄然停药而不可降阶医治,并未呈现疾病反弹加剧现象,成果与Vondracek等[4]的报导类似。
医治完毕后,短程组及规范组餐后2 h血糖分别为(6.25±3.12)、(7.52±3.27) mmol/L,短程组更低,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05),提示短程疗法可防止长时刻激素运用所造成的的血糖增高或糖耐量反常。为调查两种疗法对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的影响,本研讨挑选了激素完毕或开端减量时血ACTH水平进行比照,成果显现短程组及规范组ACTH浓度分别为(20.05±0.81)、(16.67±0.59) ng/L,差异有统计学含义(P<0.05),提示短程组对皮质轴抑制作用更低,这也为短程激素疗法不用降阶梯医治供给了循证学根据,与Schuetz等[13]的报导类似,跟着时刻延伸,激素运用可添加患者对外源性小剂量ACTH影响反响的钝化率。
综上所述,5 d激素短程疗法具有不低于规范长程疗法的效果,可下降激素负荷,削减激素相关副作用,然后优化AECOPD的激素医治战略。
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(收稿日期:2014-06-30 本文修改:李亚聪)endprint
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[8] Sethi S,Mahler DA,Marcus P,et al.Inflammation in COPD:implications for management[J].Am J Med,2012,12(12):1162-1170.
[9] Chang J,Mosenifar Z.Differentiating COPD from asthma in clinical practice[J].J Intensive Care Med,2007,22(5):300-309.
[10] Canis R,Demirkok SS,Osar Z,et al.Effects of in-haled budesonide on insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic patients with asthma and COPD[J].Adv Ther,2007,24(3):560-570.
[11] Walters JA,Wang W,Morley C,et al.Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2011,5(10):CD006897.
[12] Niewoehner DE.The role of systemic corticosteroids in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Am J Respir Med,2002,1(4):243-248.
[13] Schuetz P,Christ-Crain M,Schild U,et al.Effect of a 14-day course of systemic corticosteroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].BMC Pulm Med,2008,26(8):1.
(收稿日期:2014-06-30 本文修改:李亚聪)endprint
[6] 曾林,张洪涛.短期激素医治缓慢阻塞性肺疾病急性加剧期[J].医药论坛杂志,2007,28(5):99-100.
[7] 中华医学会呼吸病学分会缓慢阻塞性肺疾病学分会.缓慢阻塞性肺疾病诊治攻略(2007年修订版)[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2007,30(1):8-17.
[8] Sethi S,Mahler DA,Marcus P,et al.Inflammation in COPD:implications for management[J].Am J Med,2012,12(12):1162-1170.
[9] Chang J,Mosenifar Z.Differentiating COPD from asthma in clinical practice[J].J Intensive Care Med,2007,22(5):300-309.
[10] Canis R,Demirkok SS,Osar Z,et al.Effects of in-haled budesonide on insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic patients with asthma and COPD[J].Adv Ther,2007,24(3):560-570.
[11] Walters JA,Wang W,Morley C,et al.Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2011,5(10):CD006897.
[12] Niewoehner DE.The role of systemic corticosteroids in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Am J Respir Med,2002,1(4):243-248.
[13] Schuetz P,Christ-Crain M,Schild U,et al.Effect of a 14-day course of systemic corticosteroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].BMC Pulm Med,2008,26(8):1.
(收稿日期:2014-06-30 本文修改:李亚聪)endprint
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